Do All Animals Within The Ovine Classification Have Wool? Explain.

Geographic Range

Domestic sheep alive worldwide in association with humans. The beginning domesticated sheep resided mainly in the Middle East and Cardinal Asia but since and then accept been introduced everywhere.

• nearctic
  • introduced
• palearctic
  • native
• oriental
  • introduced
• ethiopian
  • introduced
• neotropical
  • introduced
• australian
  • introduced
• oceanic islands
  • introduced

Habitat

Domestic sheep are extremly versitile and exist in a wide variety of habitats worldwide ranging from temperate mount forests to desert conditions. (Grzimek 1990, MacDonald 1984)

• desert or dune
• savanna or grassland
• chaparral
• forest
• scrub forest
• mountains

Physical Description

The concrete details of domestic sheep vary greatly amid breeds. Head and trunk length is 1,200-1,800 mm and shoulder elevation is 650-1,270 mm. Female sheep tend to exist three quarters to ii thirds the size of males. Wild sheep have tails between 70-150 mm simply in domestic sheep tails may be larger and used equally a fat reserve, although these long tails are removed on nearly commercial farms. Sheep accept a vertical cleft and narrow snout completely covered with short hair except on the margins of the nostrils and lips. The genus Ovis is characterized by the presence of glands situated in a shallow depression in the lacrimal os, the groin expanse, and between the two main toes of the foot. These glands secrete a articulate semi-fluid substance that gives domestic sheep their characteristic smell. The skulls of domesticated sheep differ from those of wild sheep in that the middle socket and brain case are reduced. Selection for economically important traits has produced domestic sheep with or without wool, horns, and external ears. Coloration ranges from milky white to nighttime brown and blackness. There is considerable diversity among the over 200 distinct breeds of sheep. For details on a specific breeds consult http://pc200.anmsci.okstate.edu/BREEDS/SHEEP.

• endothermic
• homoiothermic
• bilateral symmetry

• male larger
• ornamentation

• Range mass

  20 to 200 kg

  44.05 to 440.53 lb

• Range length

  120 to 180 cm

  47.24 to 70.87 in

Reproduction

Ovis aries breeds on a seasonal ground, adamant by day length, with females (ewes) first condign fertile in the early fall and remaining fertile through midwinter. Estrus cycles range between 14 and twenty days with 17 as the average. Females are in heat on average for 30 hours. Males (rams) are fertile year round and well-nigh domestic sheep breeders use ane ram to 25 to 35 ewes. Gestation averages 148 days with virtually lambs born in mid bound. One or two lambs, which are able to stand and suckle inside a few minutes of birth, are born to each ewe. Both male and female lambs reach sexual maturity inside one year. (Ensminger 1965)

• gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate)
• sexual

• Range number of offspring

  i to two

• Average number of offspring

  1.3

• Boilerplate number of offspring

  i.58

  AnAge

• Average gestation period

  5.03 months

• Average gestation period

  146 days

  AnAge

• Average historic period at sexual or reproductive maturity (female person)
  Sex: female

  548 days

  AnAge

• Average historic period at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
  Sex: male person

  914 days

  AnAge

• altricial

Lifespan/Longevity

• Average lifespan
  Status: captivity

  22.eight years

  AnAge

Behavior

Ovis aries has a highly developed flocking or herding instinct. Large groups of sheep (up to thou or more) move over an area in groups, rather than as individuals. No "leaders" in the flock initiating grazing or other forms of behavior, including flight. This flocking instinct contributes to their economical significance as a unmarried shepherd can control a large flock of animals. Sheep go considerably stressed when separated from others, ofttimes calling and pawing at the footing.

Sexual behavior in Ovis aries is of import in sheep production. Mating occurs mainly in the early morning or in the evening. Rams search for ewes and if a ram suspects the ewe is in estrus, he will nudge the ewe in the perineum. The ewe and so assumes a mating stance if interested in the ram or walk abroad if not. If the ewe is interested the ram volition conduct a curt "foreplay" session, mount and copulate. If not and then he will move on to another ewe. (Hecker 1983)

• motile
• social
• dominance hierarchies

Advice and Perception

• tactile
• chemic

Food Habits

Domestic sheep are extremely hardy animals and can survive on a diet consisting of just cellulose, starch or sugars as an energy source and a nitrogen source which need not exist poly peptide. In general, sheep feed mainly on grasses while in pastures and can be fed a wide variety of hays and oats. Considerable inquiry has been washed on sheep nutritional requirements, and feed substitution tables are present in Ensminger's 1965 "The Stockman'due south Handbook". Grazing sheep ingest a large amount of nutrient in a brusk time, then retire to residual and rechew the ingested thing. Sheep spend their day alternate between these periods of grazing and ruminating. Ovis aries has a big and complex stomach which is able to assimilate highly fibrous foods that tin non exist digested by many other animals. Its modest nutritional requirements contribute to its economical significance.(Hecker 1983, Ensminger 1965)

Economic Importance for Humans: Positive

Ovis aries is one of the most economically significant species on the planet. Since their domestication between 9000 and 11000 years ago they have been a source of meat, milk, wool and hides in nearly every country. In some cultures sheep are considered highly useful as a sacrificial animal. The versatility of the species contributes to its economic significance every bit large herds of animals can be maintained in many environments at relatively low costs. Besides their usefulness in an agricultural sense, sheep have go important as a tool for scientific enquiry. Because of their large size and low maintenance costs they make an ideal model for a great deal of scientific inquiry.

• nutrient
• torso parts are source of valuable cloth

Economic Importance for Humans: Negative

Ovis aries has no adverse effects on human being populations. The proliferation of domestic sheep, though, has adversely effected populations of their wild relatives through competition for forage and the spread of disease.

Conservation Status

The world population of domestic sheep has steadly increased since their domestication and the globe sheep population totals over a billion sheep.

• IUCN Red Listing

  No special status

• US Federal List

  No special condition

• CITES

  Appendix I No special status

There is considerable controversy over when and from what wild species the first domestic sheep descended. Current chromosomal and archeological evidence indicates that the divergence occurred about 9000-11000 years agone and that the get-go sheep domesticated were from the mounflon (Ovis musimon) flocks from Sardinia and Corsica. (Grzimek 1990)

Contributors

Chris Reavill (author), Academy of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Phil Myers (editor), Museum of Zoology, Academy of Michigan-Ann Arbor.

Glossary

Australian

Living in Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, New Guinea and associated islands.

Ethiopian

living in sub-Saharan Africa (south of 30 degrees north) and Madagascar.

Nearctic

living in the Nearctic biogeographic province, the northern part of the New Globe. This includes Greenland, the Canadian Chill islands, and all of the North American equally far due south as the highlands of fundamental Mexico.

Neotropical

living in the southern part of the New World. In other words, Cardinal and South America.

Palearctic

living in the northern office of the Old Earth. In otherwords, Europe and Asia and northern Africa.

altricial

immature are born in a relatively underdeveloped country; they are unable to feed or intendance for themselves or locomote independently for a menstruation of time subsequently nascency/hatching. In birds, naked and helpless subsequently hatching.

bilateral symmetry

having body symmetry such that the brute can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well equally anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria.

chaparral

Found in coastal areas between 30 and 40 degrees breadth, in areas with a Mediterranean climate. Vegetation is dominated past stands of dense, spiny shrubs with tough (hard or waxy) evergreen leaves. May be maintained by periodic fire. In South America it includes the scrub ecotone between forest and paramo.

chemic

uses smells or other chemicals to communicate

desert or dunes

in deserts depression (less than thirty cm per yr) and unpredictable rainfall results in landscapes dominated by plants and animals adapted to aridity. Vegetation is typically sparse, though spectacular blooms may occur following rain. Deserts can be cold or warm and daily temperates typically fluctuate. In dune areas vegetation is too sparse and conditions are dry out. This is because sand does not agree h2o well so little is available to plants. In dunes near seas and oceans this is compounded past the influence of salt in the air and soil. Salt limits the ability of plants to take up water through their roots.

dominance hierarchies

ranking organization or pecking order among members of a long-term social group, where authorisation status affects access to resources or mates

endothermic

animals that use metabolically generated rut to regulate body temperature independently of ambience temperature. Endothermy is a synapomorphy of the Mammalia, although it may have arisen in a (now extinct) synapsid ancestor; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities. Convergent in birds.

food

A substance that provides both nutrients and free energy to a living affair.

forest

wood biomes are dominated by trees, otherwise wood biomes tin vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality.

introduced

referring to fauna species that have been transported to and established populations in regions outside of their natural range, unremarkably through man activity.

motile

having the chapters to move from one place to some other.

mountains

This terrestrial biome includes summits of high mountains, either without vegetation or covered by low, tundra-similar vegetation.

native range

the area in which the brute is naturally constitute, the region in which it is endemic.

oceanic islands

islands that are not role of continental shelf areas, they are not, and have never been, connected to a continental land mass, most typically these are volcanic islands.

oriental

institute in the oriental region of the world. In other words, India and southeast Asia.

scrub forest

scrub forests develop in areas that experience dry out seasons.

sexual

reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female person

sexual decoration

one of the sexes (usually males) has special physical structures used in courtship the other sexual practice or fighting the same sex. For instance: antlers, elongated tails, special spurs.

social

associates with others of its species; forms social groups.

tactile

uses touch to communicate

tropical savanna and grassland

A terrestrial biome. Savannas are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do non class a closed canopy. Extensive savannas are constitute in parts of subtropical and tropical Africa and Due south America, and in Australia.

savanna

A grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of copse, a blazon of community intermediate between grassland and wood. See likewise Tropical savanna and grassland biome.

temperate grassland

A terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes (>23.5° N or S latitude). Vegetation is fabricated upward mostly of grasses, the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available. Fire and grazing are of import in the long-term maintenance of grasslands.

References

"Breeds of Livestock" (On-line). Accessed Oct. 14, 1999 at http://pc200.anmsci.okstate.edu/BREEDS/SHEEP/.

Ensminger, G. 1965. The Stockman's Handbook. Danville, Illinois: The Interstate.

Grzimek, B. 1990. Grzimek'due south Encyclopedia of Mammals. NY: McGraw-Hill.

Hecker, J. 1983. The Sheep every bit an Experimental Animal. London: Bookish Printing.

Lydekker, R. 1912. The Sheep and Its Cousins. London: George Allen & Company.

MacDonald, D. 1984. Encyclopedia of Mammals. NY: Facts on File Publications.

Source: https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ovis_aries/

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